Portrayals within the media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Portrayals within the media - Essay Example Under the above mentioned, the presentation of issues or images related with drugs should be more limited both to its content and to its time and it should be focused to the methods of the problem's resolution and to the risk related with them trying to avoid to become a kind of advertisement on their usage (Kay, 2002). Mostly the last years, the behavior of media towards the issue of drugs can be characterized as having 'two-aspects'. The first aspect is characterized from the existence of emissions and advertisements that have as a target to show that drugs are the 'killers' of the body and the mind as well as of discussions transmitted through the radio in which the experiences of people that have passed from this condition are analyzed in order to prove the danger related with the specific problem as well as the possible methods to face it when occurs in terms of reality. In this context, the portrayals of the drugs and the drug users are characterized mainly by the detailed analysis of the negative aspects of the situation as well as of its direct and indirect results on peoples' lives. On the other hand, the so-called 'lifestyle' of modern society, which is presented continuously through the media, refers mostly to the 'easy life', the 'easy money' through the 'easy dreams' and - on purpose or no - creates the need for the acquisition of a series of products and of a certain style of life which is not achievable to the majority of people. Under these terms the people are influenced that this way of life (the easy one) is the perfect situation and the ideal acquaintance. Very often people that live in such a style of life are presented as ideally happy even if it is known that they have drug addiction. In the worst situations, this use is just mentioned as an aspect of a person's life as not a really bad or negative condition and the drug usage is indirectly presented as the normal consequence (even a requirement') of this way of life. Greene and Krcmar (2005, 71, 72) made a research on the influence of media to the human behavior. They found that 'argumentativeness is positively related to violent movie exposure, real crime television exposure and violent television exposure'. Moreover, they stated that 'argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness' have been found to be 'better predictors of violent media exposure than they are of violent media linking'. Furthermore, 'violent movie exposure was found to be positively related to risk taking, whereas horror movie viewing was negatively related to risk taking'. Their research did not refer specifically to the drugs and the drug users. However, their influence to the human behavior could be analogous if considering that in real terms the drug use is a 'violation of health' especially when considering the results and to that point the effects of images of such a content could have the same effect to the human behavior as the movies that contain violence. To the above direction Gutwill and Hollander (2002, 263) examined the issue of the interaction between the human behavio

Robinson Crusoe As A Fully Secular Book And A Deeply Religious One Essay

Robinson Crusoe As A Fully Secular Book And A Deeply Religious One - Essay Example He was a tough man who had led a tough life: lifted as a dissident in the London of the Great Plague and the Great Fire; continuing Newgate penitentiary and the ridicule in ruined middle age; working as a top secret agent and an outrageous journalist until locked up again for debt and disloyalty. Defoe died old, and so might be accounted as a survivor, but he had beared a good distribution of authenticity, and his novels mirror that fortitude. Bloom studies for (1998, Pg 5-6), Defoe appears to be the slightest ironic of writers, and up till now Crusoe's tale is well versed by an irresistible irony. A fidgety vagrant, driven to travel and escapade by forces that he (and the person who reads) cannot understand, Crusoe is restricted to a loneliness that should to infuriate him by rotating him toward an intolerable inwardness. Nevertheless his wisdom succeeds, in spite of his obvious captivity. Defoe takes the contradictory path from the psychologist's path as he explains the consequences of sentiments on the body, not on the mind. Nowhere is this sturdy than in Crusoe's anguish as he visions a shipwreck: "After we had rowed, or rather driven about a league and a half, as we reckoned it, a raging wave, mountain-like, came rolling astern of us, and plainly bade us expect the coup de grace. It took us with such a fury, that it overset the boat at once; and separating us as well from the boat as from one another, gave us no time to say, "O God!" for we were all swallowed up in a moment." (Chapter 3, Wrecked On A Desert Island) Robinson Crusoe As A Fully Secular And Deeply Religious Book According to Ritchie (1997, Pg 98-99), Robinson Crusoe, it might be, is a story in focus. It is a masterwork, and it is a stunning success mainly because Defoe has all through kept constantly to his own intelligence of viewpoint. It is, we know, the tale of a man who is terrified, after many dangers and escapades, unaided upon a desert island. The meager proposal threat and loneliness and a desert island is sufficient to rouse in us the hope of some far land on the confines of the world; of the sun rising and the sun setting; of man, remote from his kind, threatening alone upon the nature of culture and the weird ways of men. "But in reality there are no sunsets and no sunrises; there is no solitude and no soul. There is, on the contrary, staring us full in the face nothing but a large earthenware pot. It was the first of September 1651; that the hero's name is Robinson Crusoe; and that his father has the gout." (Chapter 1, Start In Life) Robinson Crusoe thinks of God: "Sometimes I would expostulate with myself, why providence should thus completely ruin its creatures.... But something always return'd swift upon me to check these thoughts." (Chapter 1, Start In Life) 'God does not live". Crusoe believes of Nature, the fields "adorn'd with flowers and grass, and full of very fine woods," (Chapter 1, Star

Maryland, Jim Crow Law and The Eastern Shore Essay

Maryland, Jim Crow Law and The Eastern Shore - Essay Example Much of the Eastern Shore’s practices were the same as southern states and showed little signs of improvement at moving forward with allowing African Americans to be free through the enforcement of Jim Crow laws. The state of Maryland is located north of Virginia and south of Pennsylvania. Maryland was very popular for its steamboat trade. It’s location along the coast made it easy for steamboats to travel up and down the coast importing and exporting goods. Maryland practiced segregation and passed many laws between 1879 and 1957. Maryland, without a doubt, practiced more as a southern state as its views on recapturing slaves were more similar to the south rather than areas north west of the state. What this meant was that even though they abolished slavery, they still believed in segregation, which was more common in the south than in the north. Maryland as a whole, gave in to the abolishment of slavery when it was abolished in 1864, 101 years after it was instituted. Maryland supported many Jim Crow laws. The laws specifically segregated African Americans from living freely amongst whites. Many of Maryland’s Jim Crow laws prohibited African Americans from marrying whites, riding in steamboats with whites and attending the same schools as whites. These laws were supposed to help African Americans be free of slavery but only caused more problems like segregation. Most of Maryland was pro Jim Crow laws like the eastern shore. The eastern shore didn’t profess the practice of slavery but did implement Jim Crow laws, which were in full force through the 1960s. Much of Maryland was dependent on slavery like many of the southern states. White plantation owners participated in slavery as free labor. The free labor was important to the plantation owners because they were able to make more profit. Tobacco was one of the choice products grown. The slaves could harvest the tobacco and since the land was owned, slave masters were able to make al most 100% profits from the tobacco. Areas like the Eastern Shore of Maryland were especially subject to slavery since there was easy access to steamboats. Maryland’s Eastern Shore was an area near the Eastern shore that was accustom to strict beliefs and practices. Many African Americans struggled to find true freedom in the southern states because of such people as slave catchers and extreme racists. However, some southerners were willing to help. The Quakers that lived along the Eastern Shore were known for fighting slavery. They risked their own lives and families to protect free slaves from being captured and discriminated. The Quakers were even thought to actively participate in the Underground Railroad. Alongside of the Quakers were the free blacks. These free blacks made up a small percentage of Maryland’s Eastern Shore. The free blacks were constantly in fear of becoming re-slaved or convicted of crimes. Many fled to northwestern states in fear of becoming re-e nslaved. This was similar to the fear that many slaves felt living in southern states, as the southern states still continued to practice free labor even after slavery was abolished. Practices that led the Eastern Shore to be similar to southern states include the constant re capturing of slaves and freeing of slaves. Recapturing and freeing of sl

Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Essay Example for Free

Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Essay Robert Frosts THE ROAD NOT TAKEN talks about the everyday choices that one makes while traveling down the road of life. In the first stanza the speaker introduces the poem by saying Two roads diverged in a yellow woodThis is interesting because it is suggests that there are two actual roads, as opposed to figurative roads. Then the speaker goes on to say And sorry I could not travel bothThis is one of the most powerful lines in the poem; because no matter whom the reader is they will relate to the feeling of regret, and sadness over a missed opportunity. When one reads something that they are able to connect with the piece of work then becomes that much more meaningful. And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth. These last three lines in the first stanza are almost comical, because they paint such a clear picture of human nature. You as a reader can actually see yourself standing at the cross roads of life; trying to foresee what obstacles and opportunities you will have, as a result of the decision you are being forced to make. But try though you may, you will never really know for certain what the outcome of your decisions will be. In the forth and fifth line of the third stanza the speaker says Yet knowing how way, leads on to way I doubted if I should ever come back. This line verbalizes a sense of nostalgia that the speaker has, as well as a sense of determination not to look back at the same time; this is quite interesting and could only be the result of meticulously chosen words. In the forth (final) stanza the speaker again relays a felling of nostalgia, when he says I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence. The speaker closes the poem with a sense of pride and accomplishment by announcing Two roads Diverged in a wood, and I- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. By ending this poem the way that Robert Frost chose to, it is apparent that he is trying to send a message to his readers, through the lips of the speaker. This message is one that everyone should not only read, but  embrace. The message is to follow you instincts and listen to your conscience, and you will be led to a future that is filled with happiness and success. Far too many people are afraid to find their own way, and are much more content going along with the crowd. But in the end it is those that follow their hearts that end up where the want to be.

Management: Managing Individuals and a Diverse Work Force Essay

Chapter 12 is an entire chapter devoted to diversity. It explains exactly what diversity is, common mistakes in dealing with diversity, what are the individual differences associated with diversity and finally how to manage a diverse work force. Diversity is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among people who work in an organization and the customers who do business there. The main misconception is that diversity is interchangeable with affirmative action. However, that statement is far off basis. Diversity is much more in depth because it deals with a wider variety of contributing factors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The chapter talks about the individual differences associated with diversity. These factors include surface level differences such as age, gender, race, and physical disabilities. There are also deep level differences such as personality, attitudes and values. Finally, the chapter discusses how to manage diverse working environments. They introduce methods such as: 1) The discrimination and fairness method, 2) The access and legitimacy method, and finally 3) The learning and effectiveness method. They also mention some types of training that are already out there to help diverse working environments work as a whole, from the top positions to the lowest positions. â€Å"What Would You Do II† The question that Avon, the worldwide distributor of makeup and personal products to women, has is whether to choose a man or a woman for the new pos...

Cold environments Case Study- Alaska Essay

Location * State in the United States-international boundary with Canada to the east, arctic ocean to the north * Largest state in United States by area, however least densely populated Economy * GDP in 2007: $64,333 * Per capita personal income : $40,042, rank :15th in nation * Oil and gas industry dominates the Alaskan economy * More than 80% of states revenues derived from petroleum extraction * Main export : seafood , agriculture represent only fraction of economy * Largest employers: * Providence health and services : 4000+ av. Monthly employment in 2010 * Walmart: 3000-3259 av .monthly employment 2010 History * First oil claims in Alaska made in the 1890, noted oil sea pages on iniskin bay and cold bay- not pursued by Russians * 1898- first Alaskan wells drilled in Iniskin Peninsula * Alaska’s first productive oil drilling operation was at Katalla, on the Gulf of Alaska, south of the Copper River delta * In 1911 several new wells in the district began to produce significant oil, costs not big enough to justify extraction * In 1960, following the statehood of Alaska and the creation of the state natural resources agencies, oil companies bought exploration leases for work in Cook Inlet * The boom in economic development and population growth after the discovery of oil was immediate and still continues Types of Development in Alaska * Oil and Gas industry- major oil fields developed along central north slope * Oil production accounts for 93% of Alaska’s unrestricted general fund revenues. * Since statehood, Alaska has received $164 billion in revenues from oil * Development in the fishing industry- sea provides endless harvest worth billions of pounds. Over 3 million lakes, 3000 rivers and 34 000 miles coastline- bountiful fishing regions in the world * Salmon fishing industry- worth $11 billion a year * Provide thousands of jobs, long term economic engine * Pollock fishery- 1,252,000 million metric tons- 2.7 billion ponds annum * Seafood- top export commodity. 2009- 1.6 b dollars. Accounted for 50% states total exports. * Seafood processing accounts 71% of manufacturing jobs in ALK. * Fishing industry- generated 54 000 jobs- short seasonal * Mining- historically a cornerstone of alaska’s economy. Today, mining industry brings broad range of benefits- offering highest paid jobs in the state. * Produces zinc, lead, copper , gold, silver, coal * Alaska’s 7 largest mines Provided more than 2,250 full time jobs of 9500 total mining ind jobs in state * Mining creates public revenue by paying state and local taxes * Help support local economies in both urban and rural Alaska. * Issues: spent $300 million on exploration last year * drilling costs and fuel expenses have risen sharply * Facts and economic impact-cumulative value of mining industry: $4.4 bil. 2011 * Minerals are the states second largest export commodity. Accounted for 31% of states export total- zinc and lead from Red Dog mine * Approximately 200 placer mines produced 70,000 ounces of gold, as well as platinum, in Alaska in 2011. In addition to Alaska’s active precious-metals mining industry, there were more than 120 active rock quarries, and sand and gravel operations throughout the state. Pressures on Cold Environment * Alaska is unique state- economic development in it’s remote, petroleum based economy- resembles oil rich developing nations than other US states * Realtively small size of the Alaskan economy can discourage production for local use. * Geography wise- their location is at a disadvantage. Difficult to transport oil to other countries * Trans Alaska pipeline * Pipeline flows through natural biomes, upsets animal trails, carries potential of a devastating leak * Woodland destroyed- also people’s homes affected

Lake effect snow in areas east of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie

The effect of lake effect snowfall has increasing been felt by residents of cities east side of Lakes Ontario and Lake Erie.   Areas surrounding these great lakes can attest to the fact that amount of snowfall each year increases causing devastating damages to the livelihood of city residents in Buffalo, Rochester Watertown and Syracuse.   These effects are felt more by these areas since they lie on the leeward sides.   During winter days, the snow surface can raise to as high as 1200cm.   In such extreme cases, recreational activities, schooling agriculture and other economic activities have been profoundly incapacitated (Rosenfeld, 2000).The major explanation that has been underpinned to increased lake effect snowfall is global warming caused by emissions of green gases.   This paper makes a summary of the proposed project which is an analysis of the lake effect snowfall in cities east side of lakes Ontario and lake Erie, by outlining the various data and methodology†™s, interpretation tools and reasons why the steps will be crucial to achieving objectives of this proposed research.  IntroductionThe scientific explanation behind snowfall production is a clearly understood topic at least to most scientists; however, the lake effect snow that happens over great lakes in the USA remains a mystery.   However, â€Å"Numerous studies have found a strong correlation between the strength of lake-effect snow and the degree to which the wind changes direction with height in the lower atmosphere. Thus, the minimizations of directional wind `shear` is considered to be an excellent predictor of LES snowfall rates and intensity. In general, when we think about wind direction and lake-effect snow, the first thing that comes to mind is fetch and how it affects lake-effect snow.Assuming that there is sufficient number of cases, one may examine how other variables affect lake-effect snow when fetch remains the same. An example is studying how wind speed af fects snowfall for a given fetch. The purpose of this project is to establish the extent of lake effect snow in Lake Erie and Ontario and its effect to Metropoliation Buffalo and Rochester along with the eastern cities on the eastern end of Lake Ontario.Background study.The scientific explanations advanced about lake effect snow is cold air masses that originate from Canada have low water content which is warmed up and moistened as it passes over the Great lakes thereby creating lower atmospheric instability and upward motion.   As a result, friction between the down winds land surfaces, upslope flow of winds cause boundary layer turbulence, and hence the LES (Dewey 1979).   Lake effect snow is used to describe snowfall that occurs during the winter months and falls due to the mixture of cold air and warm air from lakes as winds cross over water masses of the great lakes. (Niziol, 1987) The manifestation of this contact between cold occurs in localized manner.This is because the snowfalls are not wind driven.   Thus, it is possible to find clear skies in one area surrounding great lakes and another covered with heavy snow downpour.   It is crucial for residents of area surrounding great lakes to be able to predict when a snow burst is likely to strike. Although nature can be difficult to predict, climatologic have made some headways into techniques useful for prediction purposes say. Studying synoptic scale weather pattern, study of temperature of water surfaces wind direction and speed changes in wind direction with height and so on.The visible effect of these IES is heavy snowfall in surrounding areas of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.   It winter periods, the areas around these great lakes can experience a one-day snowfall of up to 175 cm deep or 300cm on a span of five days.   In extreme cases 1200 cm, deep snow has been reported in areas like New York (Dewey, 1979).   Wintertime in these areas is often a disaster due to the dramatic results of l ake effect snowfall. Meteorologists have expressed concern over increase of lake effect snowfall in areas surrounding Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Leather et al (1996) proposes that 30% to 60% of the increased instance of lake enhance snowfall increase has accrued from increased frequency of synoptic weather that is conducive for lake effect snowfall in cities east of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie.However, the proposal advanced by leather is elusive because it does not submit the reason behind the rise of synoptic weather in the first place.   As seen in the formation of lakes effect lakes have a profound influence an adding to the amount of snow fall lake Ontario is a huge water mass and he warm air that rises and the moisture content from it also contributes to rise in lake effect snowfall.   In order to evaluate the extent of the effect of lake effect snow in cities east of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie it is important to have sufficient data to support itData and methodologyThis pr oject focuses on the areas east of Lake Ontario and Erie as well as Buffalo and Rochester.   In order to get the relevant data, a sample of 300 metrological stations located in these areas will be used. The stations for the sample will be ones that have weather records dating back to 30 to 40 years ago.   The records must be accurate and documented on a monthly basis.   The methodology of data collection shall be interviews with residents of cities around great lakes east of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie.   The purpose behind interviewing them is to get a feel of how they experience the dramatic effects of lake snow effect.The sample selection methodology will be selective meaning only resident who have linked in the cities for more than 30 years.   The meteorological departments will be chosen in each city east of the lakes Ontario and Erie because different cities experience lake effect snowfalls at varied degree. Data collected by the NOAA will be considered. Recordings of wind speeds collected in the past 30-40 years will also be crucial. On average snow effect, snow occurs during months of November through to April. The frequency of snowfall has increased while the rainfall frequency has declined in the past 30 years dating back to 1970 thrugh to 2001.The data from NOAA also shows that the intensity of snowfall has risen owing to the increased events of precipitation. Data will be from metrological stations and key components that will be looked for are total cold season snowfall values collected over the period stated, statistic on the negative impacts of increased lake effect snowfall in areas east side of lake Ontario and lake Erie, documented changes in weather climate and precipitation sped and so on.   Evaluation of the data will use simple arithmetic methods such as mean modes standard deviations correlation and variance.These evaluations will help to better interpret the results and findings from the research.   For instance, mean tempe rature throughout a month relationship between snowfall and temperature average snowfall experienced during autumn and winter days, deviation of temperatures from recorded mean temperatures.The mode will equally help to determine the frequency of a heavy lake effect snowfall over a 5-year interval in order to see if there is any consistent pattern followed by the lake effect snowfalls. In order to establish to correlation between increase in temperatures water vaporization and the increase in lake effect snowfall in east cities of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, models such as regression model ANOVA models CHI-SQ, students T distribution techniques will be utilized.   These models will come in handy when measuring my analysis degree of accuracy at significant confidence levels.   A time series of the occurrence of changes in weather and lake effect snowfall will be observed.REFERENCESBraham, R. R., and R. D. Kelly, 1982: Lake-effect snowstorms on Lake Michigan, USA. Cloud Dynamics, E. M. Agee and T. Asai, Eds., D. Reidel, 87–101.Dewey, K. F., 1977: Lake-effect snowstorms and the record breaking1976–77 snowfall to the lee of Lakes Erie and Ontario. Weatherwise, 30, 228–231.Leathers, D. J., and A. W. Ellis, 1996: Synoptic mechanisms associated with snowfall increases to the lee of Lakes Erie and Ontario. Int. J. Climatol., 16, 1117–1135.Niziol, T.A., 1982: A record setting lake effect snowstorm at buffalo NY. Natl. Wea.Dig., 7(4), 19-24.Rosenfeld, D., 2000: Suppression of rain and snow by urban and Industrial air pollution. Science, 287, 1793–1796.