Discuss the main issues in defining and measuring intelligence. Free Essays

Dynamic The investigation of knowledge started in the late 1800’s, and regardless of thorough examination, established researchers stay partitioned over its accurate definition and proper estimation (Weinberg, 1989). In its most mainstream sense, knowledge has been characterized as the capacity to learn new data, and apply such data to control one’s condition. Different definitions incorporate versatility to new situations and changes to the current condition, the capacity to reason and assess, to take in rapidly and for a fact, or even the limit with regards to inventive considerations and thoughts. We will compose a custom paper test on Talk about the fundamental issues in characterizing and estimating insight. or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Anyway notwithstanding this scholarly entanglement, two expansive ways of thinking have risen. The first accepts that all knowledge originates from a solitary, general factor. The second accepts there is more than one kind of insight, despite the fact that advocates of this view presently can't seem to concur precisely what number of sorts of knowledge exist. The reason for this paper is to talk about each way of thinking thusly and distinguish both their commitments and weaknesses. Besides, as hypotheses of insight shift, so do the proposed techniques for knowledge estimation, and these too will be fundamentally analyzed. Primary Body The most established hypothesis of insight was proposed by Charles Spearman in the mid twentieth century (Spearman, 1904). Utilizing a measurable methodology, he saw that children’s school execution seemed to connect across apparently random subjects. Spearman contemplated that such connections showed a solitary hidden general mental capacity, influencing execution across various mental tests, which he begat the ‘general’ or ‘g’ factor. What's more, he contended for the presence of ‘specific’ or ‘s’ factors which identified with restricted and task-explicit capacities, for example, jargon go or numerical ability, despite the fact that Spearman and his ensuing supporters put more accentuation on the significance of g. Advocates of uni-factor hypotheses of insight draw upon the marvel of the positive complex (Spearman, 1904) as help for the idea. Basically, the reality various trial of psychological capacity seem to relate together exceptionally. Albeit early pundits of Spearman’s approach tested his model with more up to date techniques for examination (see Thurstone, 1938), it has remained tremendously persuasive, driving Kane and Brand (2003) to close: â€Å"Spearman’s g, through custom and observational proof, has become the pervasive foundation of exactly based speculations of knowledge. It is the reference point for most examinations directed in the course of recent years. Each factor explanatory investigation of intellectual capacity has yielded a g, gave the information were broke down in such a way as to permit a general factor to materialise†(Kane Brand, 2003: 12) The significant analysis of Spearman’s hypothesis was leveled at its effortlessness. A few scholars consequently recommended that insight in reality involved a few separate capacities that didn't relate with one another. Among the soonest challenge to Spearman’s unitary idea of knowledge was Louis Thurstone’s (1938) Theory of Primary Mental Abilities. Thurstone suggested that insight emerged from seven essential autonomous variables, which included verbal cognizance, numeric capacity, spatial relations, perceptual speed, word familiarity, memory and inductive thinking. Utilizing a progressive psychometric methodology, various factor investigation, Thurstone examined the aftereffects of mental thinking tests from an example with comparable IQ scores, and found that they had various profiles of mental capacities. Be that as it may, comparative investigations of information from a progressively heterogeneous populace didn't bolster a seven-factor model; rather it gave proof to a solitary factor model, or ‘g’. Conceptualizing insight as a solitary general factor prompted Spearman’s theory that knowledge could be estimated utilizing a psychological fitness test and scored with a straightforward numerical worth. This turned into the herald of the advanced IQ. Interestingly, defenders of various insights concur there is more than one single sort of knowledge, in spite of the fact that scholars don't concede to precisely what number of various kinds exist. Gardner (1983) proposed a multifaceted model of insight, separating eight modalities which were feebly associated, best case scenario. These components included etymological, legitimate numerical, spatial, melodic, kinaesthetic, relational and intrapersonal knowledge, and could represent people who were, for instance, all the while great at language errands and poor at spatial mindfulness assignments. This new idea of knowledge was resulting from the analysis that standard insight tests were one-sided towards North American and European culture, and urgently Gardner felt that customary trial of acumen gave proportions of etymological, coherent and spatial knowledge, and overlooked factors, for example, melodic capacity and physicality. Notwithstanding, Gardner’s detailing has minim ally affected insight testing, principally in light of the fact that the sort of quantitative factor explanatory investigation that is required to approve such a methodology has never been attempted (Benson, 2003). Following Gardner’s work was Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (1985). Like Gardner, Sternberg concurred that knowledge was in excess of a solitary general capacity, however felt that Gardner’s hypothesis just portrayed abilities as opposed to characterized insight. Sternberg characterized insight as â€Å"mental movement guided toward purposive adjustment to, choice and forming of, certifiable conditions pertinent to one’s life† (Sternberg, 1985 p. 45) and portrayed three significant parts; down to earth insight (a capacity to adjust to one’s condition), experiential knowledge (the capacity to think in novel ways) and componential knowledge (the effective preparing of data). Utilizing this model, he had the option to depict people who were gifted in one zone, yet less so in the other two, correspondingly to Gardner, yet abstained from adjusting explicit parts of insight to scholarly trains. Sternberg’s approach has won specific approval concerning genuine circumstances (Carraher, Carraher, Schliemann, 1985); surely it is Sternberg’s down to earth measurement of insight that can represent social inconsistencies present in different techniques for knowledge testing. G-scholars anyway contend that down to earth insight speaks to minimal more than ‘job knowledge’ and can be better clarified by g (Jensen, 1993). End Indeed, even in contemporary brain research, impressive discussion over the specific idea of insight is progressing, and conclusive conceptualisation (and along these lines estimation) stays tricky. Two unmistakable ways of thinking remain; uni-factor and multifaceted speculations of knowledge. Both have specific qualities and shortcomings, yet given that extensive discussion about the idea of knowledge remains, and no single methodology is acknowledged by all, there is still opportunity to get better on some random hypothesis. References Benson, E. (2003). Shrewd insight testing. Screen 43, (2) 48 †56. Carraher, T. N., Carraher, D., Schliemann, A. D. (1985). Science in the boulevards and in schools. English Journal of Developmental Psychology 3 21-29. Jensen, A. R. (1993). Test legitimacy: g versus â€Å"tacit knowledge†. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2, (1), 9-10. Kane, H Brand, C. (2003). The significance of Spearmans’ g as a psychometric, social and instructive build. The Occidental Quarterly 3 (1) 7 †29. Spearman, C. (1904). â€Å"General intelligence†, impartially decided and estimated. American Journal of Psychology 15, 201 †293. Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Past IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thurstone, L.L. (1938). Essential mental capacities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Weinberg, R. A. (1989). Insight and IQ: Landmark issues and extraordinary discussions. American Psychologist 44 (2), 98-104. The most effective method to refer to Discuss the principle issues in characterizing and estimating insight., Essay models

How to Write the Brown University Essays 2015-2016

Earthy colored University is regularly called the most joyful school in the nation, generally because of its tranquil understudy body and allegedly less serious condition. The college is situated in the core of Providence, Rhode Island, an average sized yet very protected and well disposed city in the Northeast. Notwithstanding, Brown’s choice scholastics, social condition, and area have made it an incredibly attractive school to apply and therefore an amazingly serious one. In the same way as other schools, Brown’s center enhancement comprises of three short article prompts, anyway on the grounds that they have a word breaking point of only 150 words (200 on account of Why Brown), it is practically difficult to compose an all around fleshed out and multi-faceted exposition. This doesn’t imply that our standard counsel about utilizing short article prompts working together with one another to make an arrangement of expositions doesn’t apply. Or maybe it implies that each article must be profoundly explicit, and that utilizing vehicles and offbeat configurations (like point by point stories) is progressively troublesome, however surely not feasible. For what reason would you say you are attracted to the area(s) of study you demonstrated in our Member Section, prior in this application? In the event that you are â€Å"undecided† or not certain which Brown fixations coordinate your inclinations, consider portraying all the more for the most part the scholastic points or methods of believed that draw in you presently. (150 word limit) While a â€Å"Why Major† exposition would regularly expect you to explicitly address the reasons you picked the major, the capabilities you have for that major, and the reasons you like Brown’s program of study for that major, since you just have 150 words, you should pick only one of these perspectives to feature. Explicit insights regarding Brown are possibly required in the event that you plan on tending to why Brown’s (for instance Mathematics) program offers to you. Else, you should concentrate on increasingly natural factors, for example, why you need to examine math (in a perfect world something other than for profession reasons), why you appreciate doing math, or why you’re qualified to consider math at Brown. For instance, you could highlight your preferred kind of math, and quickly break down why it claims to you. Then again, you could examine an extracurricular action, (for example, Math League) that acquainted you with the delights of serious m ath. In the event that by some possibility you can’t think of a particular major to examine, at that point your article should concentrate on the open doors that Brown offers you. Specifically, you should hope to feature Brown’s human sciences educational program, just as the scholastic adaptability it offers to students.â â€Å"Why Brown† is a comparable brief to most other â€Å"Why School† expositions, anyway with only 100 words to work with, the article is in the cumbersome situation of being too short to even think about developing a completely fleshed out paper with a type of vehicle, however too long to ever be a short thought of one explicit quality of the school. Things that you certainly need to feature in your article incorporate Brown’s accentuation on learning (versus yield, for example grades), the cooperative soul of the understudy body, and the school’s scholarly adaptability. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you feature these elements during a general reaction to the significant brief, at that point you ought to do some examination on the school to discover different things to feature. Reveal to us where you have lived †and for to what extent †since you were conceived; regardless of whether you’ve consistently lived in a similar spot, or maybe in an assortment of spots. (100 word limit) Notwithstanding whetherâ you’ve moved around a great deal or remained in a similar town your whole life, this inquiry permits you to uncover some keyâ insightsâ about yourself. On the off chance that your family moves often,â you can utilize accept this promptâ as an open door to explainâ your versatile character and how you bargain withâ unfamiliar situations. Or, rather ofâ focusing on the experience ofâ changing betweenâ locations, you canâ also talk about theâ impact of every individual spot onâ you †how has every area added to who you are today? For instance, perhaps your divergent encounters with living in rustic China and afterward metropolitan New York have assumed a huge job in molding your exceptional point of view. On the off chance that you’ve consistently lived in a similar spot, at that point dread not †there’s a chance to sparkle here also. You can talk about the effect on your life of the area that you as of now dwell in. Individuals are frequently results of their surroundings †how has your condition made you who you are today? Be cautious not to overlapâ yourâ answer with the following essay’s, however. Since theâ next question gets some information about a network that you come from,â if you are not cautious you may wind up talking about comparable ideas, bringing about a â€Å"waste† of anâ answerâ opportunity. One uniqueâ angle toâ approach this inquiry is toâ interpret the phraseâ â€Å"where you have lived† in an alternate manner. Most understudies will expect that Brown is getting some information about the occasions that your family has moved to another area, a la moving trucks and new lofts/houses; be that as it may, you can likewise decipher it to mean the various spaces that you have involved. For instance, maybeâ you’ve imparted a room to your more seasoned sibling for whatever length of time that you can recollect, however one day you moved into aâ new room by yourselfâ †you might utilize this situationâ as a take off platform for examining the significance you place onâ independence. Or on the other hand possibly you’ve consistently viewed yourself as to have different homes from home. Particularly ifâ you possessâ a extremely solid extracurricular energy to back thisâ interpretation up, you should discuss how you viewed yourself as to  "live† in the neighborhood public venue, the museum,â or the workmanship studio. Once more, on the off chance that you end up composing answersâ unable to compose answers that don’tâ overlap with the following brief, at that point thinking outside about the boxâ might help here. We as a whole exist inside networks or gatherings of different sizes, inceptions, and purposes; pick one and disclose to us why it is essential to you, and how it has molded you. (150 word limit) This brief is fundamentally the same as the foundation one for the Common App, and you should feature an alternate network/bunch that you have a place with on the off chance that you picked that immediate for the Common App. While you might be enticed to talk about your ethnicity or nationality in light of this brief, it is hard to do as such without drawing on clichã ©d topics on account of the 150 word limit. Rather, you ought to presumably draw on an extracurricular movement, companion gathering, or family. At the point when you think about this gathering, the spotlight ought to be essentially on clarifying the group’s sway on you. You should just burn through a couple of sentences clarifying the gathering †the rest of the paper should discuss associations with the gathering and break down them. In deciding to apply for the Brown-RISD A.B./B.F.A. double degree program, your inclinations and likely arrangements will be affected and upgraded by the courses offered by the two schools. We are interested with respect to why you have decided to apply for this particular double degree program; if it's not too much trouble reveal to us your explanations behind choosing it, and what you imagine as its effect on your training and profession. (500 word limit) The Brown †RISD program is intended to offer understudies a chance to mix a Brown undergrad training with the masterful majors and alternatives accessible at the Rhode Island School of Design. You ought to have an extremely clear interdisciplinary imaginative scholarly or profession objective at the top of the priority list with this essayâ€just depicting a general enthusiasm for craftsmanship and another subject isn't explicit enough for the program. Since one of the short paper prompts gets some information about your decision of significant as of now, your essential spotlight ought to be on the aesthetic field you intend to learn at RISD and the interdisciplinary application in that. While the brief essentially requests your explanations behind choice, the entrance advisory boards likewise need to think about your capabilities for the program, and in view of that, you ought to incorporate some reference to important experience (regardless of whether extracurricular or in s chool) that will at the same time fill in as an explanation and capability for your application. The Program in Liberal Medical Education (Both inquiries are required; it would be ideal if you limit your reaction to each address to 500 words.) Most secondary school seniors are uncertain about possible vocation decisions. What encounters have driven you to think about medication as your future calling? If you don't mind depict explicitly why you have decided to apply to the Program in Liberal Medical Education in quest for your profession in medication. Additionally, make certain to demonstrate your justification on how the PLME is a â€Å"good fit† for your own, scholarly, and future expert objectives. (It would be ideal if you limit your reaction to this inquiry to 500 words.) This is a quite standard â€Å"why medicine† brief which implies that you should utilize a significant number of indistinguishable strategies from you would for that kind of article (see our manual for 7-year prescription projects here ). In any case, to give a concise repeat, so as to pass on why an ensured affirmations program is a decent â€Å"fit† for your objectives, there are hardly any various things you have to examine. Initially, you have to talk about why you are equipped for medication; to be specific what kind of extracurricular exercises did you do in secondary school that were identified with medication, regardless of whether digressively or legitimately. All the more explicitly, you need to pass on your capacities in two key territories: the logical side of medication (for example the capacity to comprehend and fix sicknesses), and the humanistic side of medication (the capacity to associate with patients and care for them). Understanding consideration ex perience is a major in addition to for this piece of the paper, and encounters, for example, chipping in at a nursing home or shadowing a doctor are incredible enh

Performance Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Execution Evaluation - Essay Example 6). Execution Evaluation Points of Concern The contextual investigation discusses a fair size assembling plant and the presentation assessment of a specialist is directed who recently had worked in the avionic business and dedicated representative. Significant worries regarding execution survey in the assembling firm was that the audit was performed by somebody who was not adequately prepared thus he won’t have the option to comprehend the measures of making a decision about an individual and settling on the examination. Also, the specialist didn't trust the company’s approach towards assessment of execution as it focused just close to home trademark and relationship with the laborer. Thirdly significantly in the wake of finding out about the 360 degree assessment strategy, the chief didn't know of actualizing it. Most Commonly-Used Performance Evaluation Tool The plant trough assessed the exhibition dependent on two rules individual trademark and relationship with the associates of the specialist. ... A decent relationship implies filling in as a group to take care of issues and learn on new abilities so as to arrive at the goal of the group and can achieve compelling outcome. Subsequently looking at individual trademark and relationship among the colleagues, the last is progressively significant for viable outcome. Bit of leeway and Disadvantage Advantage of including the bosses, subordinates and friends in the assessment procedure otherwise called the 360 degree is it improves the exhibition of entire association and spotlights on singular development. An overall criticism permits a worker to comprehend with respect to how other see them and getting input straightforwardly from clients, associate in a protected way enables a representative to get the truth of data. Furthermore it additionally incorporates certain weaknesses like it is tedious and an intricate procedure, it can bring about scaring for certain representatives because of broad input and in particular it requires pr eparing so as to work adequately (Fagerhaugh, 1996, p. 80) Three Common Performance Evaluation Methods Three basic execution assessment techniques which are utilized to break down execution information are appraising scale or the positioning strategy, 360 degree assessment technique and conduct assessment strategy. Normal quality of the three techniques is that they are utilized to assess execution of the representatives by the evaluator. The positioning strategy is the most widely recognized and simplest technique where the representatives are positioned dependent on the relative worth towards the association in spite of the fact that the strategy experiences absconds like inclination report from the evaluator and furthermore not appropriate for enormous number of individuals. The 360 degree assists with getting input from multisource not at all like the positioning strategy. The

Essay Topics For Nursing Careers

Essay Topics For Nursing CareersNursing career opportunities can be very interesting, and with nursing career essays it is all the more so. A career can open up a whole new world of possibilities for the nurse. There are many different career options for nurses out there. There are also many different essay topics that will not only help you choose the right career path, but also help you to write a well-researched, yet enjoyable essay.The first thing to think about when writing a nursing career is what are the themes? What subject matter interests you? If you are not sure what your preferences are, talk to other nurses and decide what topic is one of your strongest assets. Do you like teaching?Is there anything that you would like to write about that you have not written about before? If you are a prolific writer, a nursing career essay should be something that you enjoy writing. Careers are by definition a personal one.When you get in the right mood, you can move onto choosing a sp ecial subjects for your essays. Are you interested in health care law or do you want to write about something different? You can narrow down your topics for the essay by thinking about the projects that you have worked on and the way that they made you feel. It may seem obvious to you, but if you can think about how the project made you feel before writing about it, it will give you an idea of what you want to write about.How many things will you write about in your nursing career essay? This depends upon what topics you want to focus on. Some people just love to write about themselves. Others may just want to talk about their field, in which case you might want to concentrate on your nursing career. Whatever you choose, make sure that you start with something small and work your way up.Research is key in every subject. Researching is one of the most important aspects of writing an essay. Researching will allow you to come up with topics and then research them and then write about t hem. If you do not have enough information about a topic, researching it will help you find the information you need. And since research is a part of writing, you do not want to skip this part either.When writing your nursing career essay, you can also choose from the many different essay topics. These can range from local events to international careers to even about just working in a hospital or clinics. As you can see, nursing can be very exciting and there are many different career options available. To become a nurse, you must remember that nursing is just that; a vocation.

Correlation Between Employee Motivation And Job...

Human resource is vital for any organization. So it is important to manage organizational happiness, so that employees will do their best for the organization. An employee performance appraisal can act as motivation for an employee to improve his productivity. When an employee sees his goals clearly defined and is measured against the set goals and objectives, a need can be identified about the future strategies of employee motivation. In this review, I will look at and explore the multiple arguments of the management research articles. So, the question I must ask: is there a positive correlation between employee motivation and job performance? Body 1 Managers leading the way as motivators Kyle A. Huggins, Darin W. White and Jessica Stahl Marketing research has begun to highlight the impact that salespeople’s deliberate and intuitive judgments can have on sales outcomes. More recently, research studies evaluate both intuitive and deliberate information processing together, finding that salespeople who accurately perceive both processing styles more easily adapt to their customers’ desires (Locander, Mulki, and Weinberg 2014) and improve sales performance by more than 130% (Hall, Ahearne, and Sujan 2015). We contend this ability is directly tied to emotional intelligence. Mayer and Salovey (1997) define emotional intelligence (EI) as the ability to perceive emotion, integrate emotion to facilitate thought, understand emotion, and to regulate emotion to promote personalShow MoreRelatedCorrelation Between Employee Motivation And Job Performance Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The human resource is vital for any organization, as it is important to manage organizational employee happiness. Motivation has long been seen as a positive indicator of job performance. What are some great ways to motivate an employee to increase job performance? A performance review can act as motive for an employee to improve his/her productivity. Therefore, when an employee sees his goals clearly defined and is measured against the set goals and objectives, he can be motivated toRead MoreMechanisms Underlying Creative Performance : Employee Perceptions Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Rewards1301 Words   |  6 PagesIn this study, Mechanisms Underlying Creative Performance: Employee Perceptions of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards for Creativity, the authors Yoon et al. (2015) investigates creative performance based on effects of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards and proposes employees’ dedication to creativity may possibly activate a psychological state in the connection between rewards and creativity. In order to detect the boundary conditions, such as nature of rewards and the task context, when the differentRead MoreThe Intervention First Begins With The Singtel Sales Representatives1678 Words   |  7 Pagesincreases employee motivation as it allows employees a personal stake in the process (Gilley, Dixon Gilley, 2008). Employees can use the forum to provide constructive feedback and innovation suggestions for the organisation. The forum creates a conducive environment for the company as employees are motivated to enforce and handle the new changes, and thus, increasing their dedication to the success of the organisational changes. Gilley et al. (2008), highlighted the benefits of employee involvementRead MoreOperations of Goodwill Industries International1190 Words   |  5 Pagesemployment placement services, job training as well as other community-based programs for individuals who are disabled, lack education or any job experience or face emplo yment challenges. Our analysis indicated that the huge gap or disparity between CEO and average employee pay resulted in low motivation among the workers.The paper explores the theoretical underpinnings of employee motivation as well as ways of improving employee motivation. Transformational leadership and employee reward systems prove toRead MoreThe Effect Of Flexible Work Programs On Employee Motivation1145 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Flexible Work Programs on Employee Motivation Overview Since the 1990s, many single parents have entered the workforce and their children are suffering as a result. These working parents are forced to leave their children to raise themselves while they work rigid schedules. Meanwhile, many children are not receiving the guidance and attention they need to flourish in society. This leaves our future in the hands of children without the necessary guidance needed to succeed. RecentlyRead More In-Depth Summary of Expectancy Theory Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesIn-Depth Summary of Expectancy Theory In today’s organization, there is a need for ways in which to effectively motivate employees. Expectancy theory addresses the underlying issues that are associated with the belief that a performance or outcome is attainable. Developed initially by Edward Tolman and Kurt Levin, introduction of the theory into the workplace was not achieved until quite some time later by Victor Vroom (Bradt, 1996). It is his first utilization of the theory that enabled othersRead MoreIntroduction. Sns Is A Marketing And Public Relations Company1544 Words   |  7 Pagesengaged employee pool that will provide exceptional customer service to the clients. Over the next several months, SNS will implement various motivational tools to encourage and reward creativity, insight, teamwork and enthusiasm. The Importance of Motivation In today’s demanding work environment, employee engagement can be a challenging task. Understanding the importance of motivating employees is vital to the success of the company. Rabideau (2005) states that motivation is the correlation betweenRead MoreImpact Of Oc On Employee Performance1172 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of OC on employee/organisational performance There is a common consensus that employees behaviours are shaped by their culture (Denison, 1984, Furnham and Gunter, 1993). In an organisational context, management interest in a culture lies in what impact culture can have on the commercial or financial performance of a firm. Organisational performance (which is derived from employee performance) or success implies to the contributions or productivity of employees of an organisation. ResearchRead MoreOrganizational Performance Of Leaders And Managers1549 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"There is no question that the performance of leaders and managers can have a truly significant impact on organisational performance, both in the immediate and longer term.† (Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, 2012, p8) ‘It is still an inescapable fact that people are the main resource of any organisation. Without its members an organisation is nothing. An organisation is only as good as the people who work within it.’ (Mullins, 2013). In the current economic climate it is vital thatRead MoreTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE1110 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation can be a key-contributing factor in employee performance. It is of great importance to an organization to recognize ways in which it can use employee motivation to positively affect employee performance. The methods used by organizations to motivate its employees are essential in determining how they affect employee performance. There are both positive and negative motivational tools that may be explored. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between motivation and Correlation Between Employee Motivation And Job... Mathew, Ushus; Johnson, Johney Introduction The human resource is vital for any organization, as it is important to manage organizational employee happiness. Motivation has long been seen as a positive indicator of job performance. What are some great ways to motivate an employee to increase job performance? A performance review can act as motive for an employee to improve his/her productivity. Therefore, when an employee sees his goals clearly defined and is measured against the set goals and objectives, he can be motivated to work harder (Mathew, Johnson). In this review, I will look at and explore the multiple arguments of the management research articles. So, the question I must ask is this: Is there a positive correlation between employee motivation and job performance? Body 1 Managers leading the way as motivators Kyle A. Huggins, Darin W. White and Jessica Stahl What is the impact of sales associates’ emotional intelligence on sales performance? Marketing research has begun to highlight the impact that salespeople’s deliberate and intuitive judgments can have on sales outcomes. More recently, research studies evaluate both intuitive and deliberate information processing together, finding that salespeople who accurately perceive both processing styles more easily adapt to their customers’ desires (Locander, Mulki, and Weinberg 2014) and improve sales performance by more than 130% (Hall, Ahearne, and Sujan 2015). We contend this ability is directly tied toShow MoreRelatedCorrelation Between Employee Motivation And Job Performance Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesorganization. An employee performance appraisal can act as motivation for an employee to improve his productivity. When an employee sees his goals clearly defined and is measured against the set goals and objectives, a need can be identified about the future strategies of employee motivation. In this review, I will look at and explore the multiple arguments of the management research articles. So, the question I must ask: is there a positive correlation between employee motivation and job performance? BodyRead MoreMechanisms Underlying Creative Performance : Employee Perceptions Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Rewards1301 Words   |  6 PagesIn this study, Mechanisms Underlying Creative Performance: Employee Perceptions of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards for Creativity, the authors Yoon et al. (2015) investigates creative performance based on effects of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards and proposes employees’ dedication to creativity may possibly activate a psychological state in the connection between rewards and creativity. In order to detect the boundary conditions, such as nature of rewards and the task context, when the differentRead MoreThe Intervention First Begins With The Singtel Sales Representatives1678 Words   |  7 Pagesincreases employee motivation as it allows employees a personal stake in the process (Gilley, Dixon Gilley, 2008). Employees can use the forum to provide constructive feedback and innovation suggestions for the organisation. The forum creates a conducive environment for the company as employees are motivated to enforce and handle the new changes, and thus, increasing their dedication to the success of the organisational changes. Gilley et al. (2008), highlighted the benefits of employee involvementRead MoreOperations of Goodwill Industries International1190 Words   |  5 Pagesemployment placement services, job training as well as other community-based programs for individuals who are disabled, lack education or any job experience or face employment challenges. Our analysis indicated that the huge gap or disparity between CEO and average employee pay resulted in low motivation among the workers.The paper explores the theoretical underpinnings of employee motivation as well as ways of improving employee motivation. Transformational leadership and employee reward systems prove toRead MoreThe Effect Of Flexible Work Programs On Employee Motivation1145 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Flexible Work Programs on Employee M otivation Overview Since the 1990s, many single parents have entered the workforce and their children are suffering as a result. These working parents are forced to leave their children to raise themselves while they work rigid schedules. Meanwhile, many children are not receiving the guidance and attention they need to flourish in society. This leaves our future in the hands of children without the necessary guidance needed to succeed. RecentlyRead More In-Depth Summary of Expectancy Theory Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesIn-Depth Summary of Expectancy Theory In today’s organization, there is a need for ways in which to effectively motivate employees. Expectancy theory addresses the underlying issues that are associated with the belief that a performance or outcome is attainable. Developed initially by Edward Tolman and Kurt Levin, introduction of the theory into the workplace was not achieved until quite some time later by Victor Vroom (Bradt, 1996). It is his first utilization of the theory that enabled othersRead MoreIntroduction. Sns Is A Marketing And Public Relations Company1544 Words   |  7 Pagesengaged employee pool that will provide exceptional customer service to the clients. Over the next several months, SNS will implement various motivational tools to encourage and reward creativity, insight, teamwork and enthusiasm. The Importance of Motivation In today’s demanding work environment, employee engagement can be a challenging task. Understanding the importance of motivating employees is vital to the success of the company. Rabideau (2005) states that motivation is the correlation betweenRead MoreImpact Of Oc On Employee Performance1172 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of OC on employee/organisational performance There is a common consensus that employees behaviours are shaped by their culture (Denison, 1984, Furnham and Gunter, 1993). In an organisational context, management interest in a culture lies in what impact culture can have on the commercial or financial performance of a firm. Organisational performance (which is derived from employee performance) or success implies to the contributions or productivity of employees of an organisation. ResearchRead MoreOrganizational Performance Of Leaders And Managers1549 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"There is no question that the performance of leaders and managers can have a truly significant impact on organisational performance, both in the immediate and longer term.† (Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, 2012, p8) ‘It is still an inescapable fact that people are the main resource of any organisation. Without its members an organisation is nothing. An organisation is only as good as the people who work within it.’ (Mullins, 2013). In the current economic climate it is vital thatRead MoreTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE1110 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation can be a key-contributing factor in employee performance. It is of great importance to an organization to recognize ways in which it can use employee motivation to positively affect employee performance. The methods used by organizations to motivate its employees are essential in determining how they affect employee performance. There are both positive and negative motivational tools that may be explored. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between motivation and

Romeo and Juliet Who Is to Blame - 778 Words

Romeo and Juliet essay The story of Romeo and Juliet is the best tragedy ever to be written. The tale of two adolescents taking their lives because of their love for one another has inspired a lot of controversy as to whether the adults surrounding these adolescents could have done something to prevent this tragedy. The truth is the adults in the situation are ultimately to blame for the deaths of their love struck teens. This essay will explain why Friar Laurence, Nurse and to a lesser extent Mercutio, caused the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Friar Laurence is at fault for causing this catastrophe. Friar Laurence is one of many who should have guided Romeo and Juliet’s love into a more stable situation. It was the Friar who married†¦show more content†¦Upon hearing this Juliet becomes desperate and makes multiple bad decisions. If the Nurse had truly thought through the consequences of her decisions, maybe these two lovers would have lived. Mercutio is what his name stands to be, Mercurial. Though known as a joyful and intense character, he is in fact partially to blame for the tragic death of the two young lovers. It is in fact Mercutio who convinces a young Romeo to forget aboutShow MoreRelatedWho is to Blame in Romeo and Juliet? Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesWho to Blame for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet The deaths of Romeo and Juliet didnt really need to happen, as it wasnt them, but the people around them that were fighting and disagreeing. Romeo and Juliet did their best to keep out of the violence but the people around them such as family friends and the local community that were making them unhappy. Romeo is a young teenager of the Montague Household, who falls in love with Juliet, a Capulet whose family are ancientRead MoreWho is to Blame in Romeo and Juliet? Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagespair of star crossed lovers take their life’ 1.2.chorus. Romeo and Juliet, a very famous play written by William Shakespeare, is filled with nearly every powerful emotion imaginable, love, lust, hate, desire, spite, joy, happiness, depression, adoration, anger, vengeance and so many more. The tragic deaths of Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet were brought about by how the people around them and they themselves dealt with these emotions. Blame is defined in the dictionary as to feel or declare thatRead MoreWho is to Blame in Romeo and Juliet? Essay2468 Words   |  10 PagesRomeo and Juliet is set in Verona. They are two star crossed lovers from two different families who have been feuding for generations. This is apparent in the line â€Å"The quarrel is between our masters and us their men†. This demonstrates that the play is destined to result in tragedy. The effect that is created on the audience is that the families have been fighting constantly for many years and that it has been passed down from generations to generations. The Montague’s and Capulet’s ancestorsRead MoreRomeo and Juliet: Who is to Blame? Essay587 Words   |  3 Pagesbrings love and affection, but when taken to the extreme, it can lead to tragedy and despair. Among the great literary tragedies, Romeo and Juliet may be the most famous of them all. The eternal feud between the Montegues and Capulets prohibits the love of Romeo and Juliet and ultimately results in their unfortunate deaths. It may be difficult to truly determine who is to blame for the tragedy, because their lives had been influenced, criticized, and controlled by many figures. Among the most importantRead MoreWho Is Blame For The Tragedy Of Romeo And Juliet?1273 Words   |  6 PagesWho to Blame for the Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet? What causes people to believe in fate? Fate is like a powerful force that cannot be controlled by anyone. Romeo and Juliet, the two lovers were victims of fate or destiny. Romeo and Juliet saw each other, and they loved each other immediately after 5 minutes, but their families were enemies because they always fight with each other. Romeo and Juliet were victims of the environmental factors, the authority figures, and by their own mistakes. All ofRead MoreWho Is Most to Blame for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet?2905 Words   |  12 PagesWho was the greatest contributor to the death of Romeo and Juliet? In this essay I will be writing about William Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet, I will be doing an in-depth analysis as to who I think is most to blame for the sad eventual deaths of Romeo and Juliet, analysing each character in detail. First, let’s start with the general storyline. It is fourteenth century Verona, an Italian city. 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If I was answering the question of who were the few most responsible people for their tragedy-it would be three people. Because of people’s decision and different point of view, the people most responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet are Lady Capulet, Nurse, andRead MoreWho Was to Blame for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet? Essay2019 Words   |  9 PagesWho was to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? In this essay I will be exploring the reasons as to why some people would argue that a certain person or people are to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. I will show understanding of the plot, character and themes and Shakesperes use of language and dramatic devices within the play. Firstly, some people believe that the parents of Romeo and Juliet were to blame for their deaths because of the ongoing feud between the two families. TheRead MoreThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet: Who Is to Blame for Their Deaths?1460 Words   |  6 Pagesand critically acclaimed of Shakespeares plays has to be Romeo and Juliet, a romantic tragedy concerning the fate of two young star-crossed lovers (Prologue, l. 6). The play focuses on romantic love, specifically the intense passion that springs up at first sight between Romeo and Juliet and the deaths of the two characters because of their eternal love for each other. While there could be various reasons for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet, it is obvious that both the two households and significantly

Benefits of Integrated Business Planning †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Benefits of Integrated Business Planning. Answer: Introduction Entrepreneurship is crucial for starting a new business venture in the market. Today, entrepreneurs are focusing on starting the business at the global level for getting more and more profit. Entrepreneurs develop and generate new ideas for the business venture at global level. There is well known that the idea of business is the starting of the business procedures. A new business idea is helpful the entrepreneurs to discover various chances and capability to start up the new venture beneficially (Dudin, 2015). So, this report focuses on the new business idea for the new venture in the market. The report is focused on the new business venture of a caf along with the effective business model. New business start-up is based on the business model canvas which is very effective for the success of business venture. Basically, this report is all about running a new and creative coffee shop and meets the needs and requirements of the customers in the Australian market. Objective of this rep ort is to understand the role of business model canvas based on the analysis of market information and essential aspects (Toor Dhir, 2011). This report describes a new business venture i.e. a caf. Name of this caf would be Culture Coffee Bar. There are many coffee shops in Australia but the current coffee shops only meet the basic demand of the customers i.e. demand for the coffee and various drinks. In other words, consumers generally go to the coffee shops as they do not have time to prepare coffee. In many shops, there are no specialists for retaining the consumers. Their sets of choices are simple including fundamental food items such as packed drinks and refreshments and iced coffee. Some coffee shops try to improve the effective image by providing some additional services such as live music and games but they are not enough to improve the image and to retain the customers. So, by analyzing the enormous demand of the customers in the market, Culture Coffee would spend huge amount of capital in creating positive image of the caf. For this manner, company would focus on creating relaxing atmosphere for the customers along with the core products of food, beverages and other services. Because of the value of time in the current time, the caf would offer the service of free delivery of the products so that the consumers can enjoy the products in office timings also. By this service, caf would be able to maximize its ability to diversify itself among the customers in the coffee market. Like other coffee shops in Australia, main revenue for Culture Coffee shop would come from the drinks and coffee for meeting the needs of the customers. Along with this, caf will offer many different beverages to the customers. So, price of the products would be set as the high level pricing but affordable for the customers in the industry. Apart from the drinks and coffee, the customers will also get variety of products i.e. snacks, food, cakes and live music nights in caf. Business model Based on the business model canvas theory, this model will be applied in the new business venture along with its nine building block structure. This model would effectively able to achieve the goals and objectives of the company. The applied business model in the Culture Coffee bar will be the presentation of the services of the company. The business model will provide the understandings of who company serves, what activities it is carrying out, from where it will get its suppliers and how to minimize the cost to generate more profit in the business (Osterwalder Pigneur, 2010). So, for the caf Culture Coffee Bar, the business model canvas is described below. First and important part of the business model canvas is identifying key partners for the caf. Culture coffee bar will always focus on the food safety to achieve sustainable development in the market. For this manner, company would make reliable partners. Company would make partners to the leading coffee brand in Australia to get fresh and healthy products. To design the furniture, a furniture company would be second partner (Filet, 2013). There would three major activities of the caf for achieving growth and success in the market. Those key activities are marketing, selling and supporting. In the marketing activities, there would be drinks and food preparations, delivery of food and cleaning and decorating caf. Selling activity would include training, sales call and advertisements on various platforms i.e. magazines, newspapers, and Facebook. Support activity would include hiring people for the administrative work and outsourcing brands and singers for caf. For achieving significant growth and success, there are two most essential resources i.e. value proposition and activities which including well skilled employees and inside design of the caf. The employees and staff of the caf will be trained in the in the proficient manner so that they can serve the customers in the better way. They will wear professional uniforms and have the knowledge of foreign languages. Further, company will also invest in the furniture and interior design of the caf to build up an Australia style coffee shop for the entertainment and enjoyment. This would create a positive image of caf among the mind of consumers (Gavrrilova, 2014). Value proposition From the perspective of the potential customers, caf will provide such atmosphere that will be enjoyed by the customers. Customers could enjoy variety of beverages i.e. drinks, fast foods and cakes served by the trained employees and staff in the caf. Caf will provide such atmosphere which would make the customers relax after hectic schedule of work or study. Further, Caf will provide various quiet spaces where businessmen can make their meetings and appointments. Along with this, caf would also conduct some live music nights to generate more activities for the potential customers. By all these activities, customers will have new experience with the relaxing place (Sinfield, Calder, McConnell Colson, 2011). It is well known that effective relationship with the customers is very important for the success of the business. In terms of the importance of the relationship with the customers, Culture coffee caf will plan to provide coupons and VIP cards to the customers so that they would get for their allegiance towards the products (Mason, 2015). The VIP cards with the special offers will be distributed to the loyal customers who would come at least once in the week. Further, less regular clients will also receive 10 to 25% off coupons and discounts. It is believed that this strategy would be helpful in maintaining customer loyalty and improve the visit facility (Teece, 2010). In terms of distribution of products, there would be two ways to use the products of caf i.e. in store and delivery of products. Caf will suggest the customers to visit on the store and order their products. This would generate opportunity for the caf and employees to provide better quality experience to the customers. Further, if the customers are busy and demand for their desired products, then free delivery service or delivery with the extra charges would be provided to transport the products to the customers hand. The time of the services can be shortened as much as possible to provide guaranteed quality products (Burns, 2014). The potential customers for the caf will be identified based on the age and profession. In terms of the age of potential customers, the caf would serve the customers from 15 years old upwards. Further, in terms of profession, the consumers are differentiated from the students, employees, businessmen and performers. The reason is that the students spent lots of time hanging around in the coffee shops after their schools and colleges. Further, employees and businessmen have high and middle income and they are highly demanding for the coffee shops where they can settle down, make their activities and enjoy the drinks. Located in Australia, the caf would be oriented towards providing services to the artists who make high income and need quality products (Fifield, 2012). It should be noted that the target customers have different styles and habits. It is observed that in the age of 15 to 22, there are students of high schools, colleges and universities. Although these people are not earning money but they get money from their parents so these consumers have high demand of coffee after their school and colleges. The customers will be approached by the internet and social media platforms. Other target customers are the employees and business people who are working full time to create their money. These customers are willing to pay for their desired product. These customers will be attracted by the TV commercial, internet and magazines. Further, there are artists who will be attracted by the company. Advertisements in newspapers and magazines will be helpful and effective to approach those customers (Armstrong Cunningham, 2012). Cost structure The cost of the rent would be responsible for the crucial part of the operating cost of the company. Along with this, there are other operating costs including raw material, staff, outsourcing and marketing of the products. These costs would be estimated in the financial part of the caf. Key revenue stream of this new venture would be generated by the purchases of the customers i.e. beverages and varieties of coffee such as Espresso, Flat White, Macchiato, Americano, and Cappuccino which are the core products of caf. Along with this, caf will also collect the amount of revenue by the event of live music on every weekend. Further, there will be additional services i.e. appointing or meeting area which would be free of charge. It is expected that the customers segments i.e. teenagers having age of 15 to 22 and working people having the age of 22 to 40 would bring about 35% to 45% out of total revenue. Meanwhile, 10% revenue from the customers having age above 40 would also be generated (Baraban Durocher, 2010). Conclusion This report focuses on the importance and role of the business model canvas in the new business venture. From the above discussion, it is observed that new venture of caf needs to prepare its business model canvas for getting high level of growth in the market. There are nine blocks in the business model canvas and all the blocks have significant role in the success of the new venture. Main objective of this report is to create a new business venture and formulate business concepts with the business model canvas theory. Second objective was to provide the overview of how the business model canvas would be helpful to achieve the desired goals and objectives in the new business venture. This report provides brief overview about the coffee market and the requirements and preferences of the customers. Based on the analysis, target market is decided for the caf. Business model canvas is the important part of the study to analyze the detail of the company along with the understanding about the new venture. In conclusion, this report provides the theoretical information on formulating the business model for new business venture of coffee shop based on the huge demand of the coffee in the Australian market. References Armstrong, G., Cunningham, M. H. (2012). Principles of marketing. Australia: Pearson publication Baraban, R. S. Durocher, J. F. (2010).Successful Restaurant Design. USA: John Wiley Sons Burns, P. (2014). New venture creation: a framework for entrepreneurial start-ups. USA: Palgrave Macmillan Dudin, M. N. (2015). The Innovative Business Model Canvas in the System of Effective Budgeting: Asian Social Science. 11 (7). 290-296 Fifield, P. (2012). Marketing strategy. (2nd). Berlin: Reed educational publishing Pvt Ltd Filet, E. (2013). Conceptualising Business Models: Definitions, Frameworks and Classifications: Journal of Business Models. 1 (1). 85-105. Gavrrilova, T. (2014). Modern Notation of Business Models: Visual Trend: Foresight-Russia. 8 (2). 567 Mason, H. (2015). Trend-Driven Innovation: Beat Accelerating Customer Expectations. John Wiley Sons Osterwalder, A. Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business Model Generation. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Sinfield, J. V., Calder, E., McConnell, B. Colson, S. (2011). Corporate Strategy: How to identity new business models. MITSloan Management Review. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation. Long Range Planning. 43. 172-194 Toor, T. P. Dhir, T. (2011). Benefits of integrated business planning, forecasting, and process management: Business Strategy Series. 275-288

Replicating Milgram

Essay on Mongol Witness Sheet

Essay on Mongol Witness Sheet Essay on Mongol Witness Sheet Katie Norris November 15, 2014 Block 3 Mongol Woman Witness Sheet Mongol women under the rule of Genghis Khan had a relatively high social status compared to other societies in Asia. There was a division of labor between men and women. The men were responsible for military, administrative, and trade affairs. Women’s main responsibilities were in the household where they would care for children, do housework, and cook. A Mongol woman often would tend for their own flock of sheep. When the men of the household were away, Mongol women would take over their responsibilities. This flexibility between the roles of men and women shows that women had status that was not that far below that of the males. A Mongol woman was also able to become involved in society. Mongolian society valued a women’s fertility over the image of purity, which was very important to other Chinese societies. It was considered a woman’s civic duty to bear a large amount of children. This helped to increase their social status, as their fertility was v ery important with the succession of their empire. A Mongol woman was able to participate in social events that in many other Asian empires would be exclusive to men. For example, women were allowed to participate in archery contests with the men. Women had legal rights also, including the right to divorce their husbands if the marriage is not successful. â€Å"Khan himself sought and accepted the guidance of women at some of the most crucial points in

Operations case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operations - Case Study Example Discuss about the initial floor plan of the Waterloo Mongolian Grill and the proposed design. (Exhibit 4) There should be continuous collection of feedback from customers and complain should be addressed as soon as possible. The proposed changes on design of the second restaurant should be continued to be checked against the current restaurant and see if it is still viable. John Butkus who is the owner of Mongolian Grill Restaurant located in London, Ontario needs to make design decision for his second restaurant in Waterloo, Ontario. (Silk and Haywood 547). Despite the first restaurant being a success, he needs to makes some changes to the new restaurant to be able to accommodate many customers and reduce the delays while serving customers. The existing restaurant is small in size and cannot receive reservations. John wants to have a unique concept to outdo the other competitors. 1.) Immediately call a meeting with the staff of Mongolian Grill Restaurant and explain to them the major design decision that is need in the second restaurant in Waterloo, Ontario. Currently, Mongolian Grill Restaurant is faced with the challenge of limited capacity and low speed of customer service. (Silk and Haywood 548). The staff will explain to the new customers the features of Mongolian Grill. These features are creation of environment for entertainment and interaction, involving customers in the preparation of meal and a lot of food which is healthy and fresh. New customers will be explained about the three food preparation stations which are food bar, the sauce, oil and spice bar, and cooking station.( Exhibit 1) 2.) Take notes on the attendance of the customers during different nights, the average trips a customer makes during dinner and the average time taken by each customer to be served. As the interactions with the customers continue, the staff shall take notes on number of customers who come each night.

Individual - Videoconference Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual - Videoconference - Assignment Example The manager should be able to define the project success standards by identifying the various stakeholders involved which include those that are directly affected by the project, persons who sponsor the project implementation and the society at large (Journal, 2013). This will aid the business to upsurge its market share, meet the customer targets by attaining specific standards, the firm will also be able to increase its revenues since they can achieve the target sales while maintaining the customer satisfaction and keeping up with the industry and state standards. However the problem exist since some goals will be given more priority than others as there will be a trade-off of the choices. But the business goal must be decided since it is only rational to determine direct issues that will affect sales and improve revenue. Second, project manager should allow degree of freedom, project animators and decide on the restraints. Constraints are the limited resource available while the motivators are those factors that initiates a faster result of the project and freedom allows for adjustments during the project cycle (Charrel & Galarreta, 2007). This factor is advantageous to the company’s projects to be stretchy so that it can be successful. None the less, allowing too much flexibility may lead to wide deviations from the project objectives and should only be allowed at minimum levels. This factor has the rationale that if one direction is bound to fail, the manager can find other alternatives to remedy the situations while maintaining the project desires. Third, the manager should set achievable goals and avoid impossibilities. This is done by negotiations by consumers, managers of the organizations and all the staff members involved on the realistic targets to work on while keeping a good demand and forecast predictions about the future (Kerzner & Learning, 2013). This will enable the company to solve problems

A Critique of Frye’s, Jordan’s, and Miller’s Feminist Theories Essay Example for Free

A Critique of Frye’s, Jordan’s, and Miller’s Feminist Theories Essay Marilyn Frye’s feminist theory is based on a mix of art and philosophy as well as a presentation of her own ideas in the context of the world. Frye’s theory stresses among other things, the fact that the power of feminism is embedded in the capability of making women’s lives and their experiences understood by a vast majority of the people (Frye, 1983). On the other hand, Jordan’s feminist theory lays emphasis on the woman’s self with reference to her relational well-being (Jordan, 1991). Closely related to this, Miller’s theory is based on the view that there is need to address women’s experiences and make the world understand them better. Thus, Miller suggests that in order to understand women, there is need to understand their lives and values (Miller, 1987; Davis, 1999). This paper will examine and appraise the aforementioned theories and draw a conclusion based on the flaws or incongruence depicted by the theories, and will thus suggest whether the theories can be used together or as separate entities. Frye’s Feminist Theory Frye affirms that in order to understand women fully, that is in terms of their feelings, motivations, ambitions and how they are likely to react to different situations, there is need to understand their driving forces, which are the determining factors in various responses (Frye, 1983). Frye’s feminist theory thus presents an attempt to explain the forces and how they apply to different women. While it may be true that there are deciding forces behind every woman’s response to different situations, it is also evident that the forces cannot be studied conclusively. This viewpoint is instigated by the fact that women live in different conditions, and these conditions are likely to affect how they react to different circumstances. Thus, a generalization cannot be used to describe women’s attitudes. In view of sex and sexuality, Frye notes that sex roles have inhibited men and women from being in charge of their choices since the activities involved in sex are already predetermined (Hoagland Frye 2000). However, this supposition fails to address the sex drives involved among same-sex partners. Thus, even though Frye notes that women are sexually oppressed, it is difficult to concur with the argument since sexual freedom has increased tremendously in the world over the past few years. Frye’s likening of women to a birdcage in which if one observes one wire of the cage, she or he is likely not to see the other wires present in the cage (Davis, 1999) presents an interesting point of discussion. This is true given that in there are instances when women are ignored, for example in restaurants when waiters expect men in company of women to pay the bills. This implies that much attention is paid to men, who are perceived to be a superior sex. Jordan’s Feminist Theory This theory emphasizes the connections among different aspects of women’s lives, which are developed through relationships. It dwells on factors such as sexism and heterosexism, which separate women and alienate them from the rest of the society, thus subjecting them to a lot of suffering (Jordan, 1991). In view of this, while it is true that women are more affected by issues that concern sex it is also imperative to note that such issues are not just limited to women. Concisely, men also suffer from issues related to sex. Jordan’s theory also dwells on the self-condition of women in relation to their relational wellbeing. Jordan emphasizes that most Western psychological theories tend to point too much on the woman’s self rather than her relations with others (Jordan, 1997). Along this line, Jordan asserts that men have subordinated women and view them as their subjects, thereby undermining women’s relation capacity. This presumption has some substance with reference to how women were treated in the past. However, it may loose significance in the contemporary world where women have taken more leadership positions and have better control of their undertakings. Jordan addresses desire by relating it to adolescent sexuality, noting that it arises from people’s integration with others and creation of relationships (Jordan, 1997). This is true in the context of what people commonly refer to as â€Å"real love† that develops between men and women through their continued association. On the other hand, since relationships commonly break, there is an indication of a flaw in Jordan’s theory. Nevertheless, Jordan’s point of challenging the tendency by men to be dominant over women (Jordan, 1991) stresses the need for equality between men and women. Miller’s Feminist Theory Miller focuses on the concern of men’s domination over women and their tendency to subordinate them (Miller, 1987). She asserts that the propensity by men to be dominant over women causes conflict between the two sexes because men fail to understand women. Miller also notes that in dealing with conflict, women, who are usually the subordinates revert to overt conflict, a phenomenon that is prevalent in the present day (Miller, 1987). Miller therefore questions why men should be dominant over women yet women have equal capabilities do what men can do. Miller’s feminist theory is important in addressing gender disparity in the world. It also supports women in having voices to do what pleases them irrespective of what men think about them. However, its flaw lies in the fact that it fails to address why men have higher propensity to be dominant over women and why women usually revert to overt conflict when dealing with men. Conclusion The feminist theories by Frye, Jordan and Miller all address issues that though not congruent are closely related. Frye’s theory is centered on understanding women; Jordan’s theory recognizes the woman’s self worth and the importance of women’s participation in relations; whereas Miller’s theory in centered on understanding women and why men should not treat them as subordinates. All these issues are closely related since they address the status of women and their role in the society, which is paramount in eliminating injustices against them. Hence the theories should treated together to achieve the objective. References Davis, F. (1999). Moving the mountain: The women’s movement in America since 1960: Chicago: University of Illinois Press Frye, M. (1983). Politics of reality: Essays on feminist theory. New York: Ten Speed Press Frye, M. (1992). Willful Virgin: Essays in Feminism, 1976-1992. New York: The Crossing Press, Inc. Hoagland, S. L. Frye M. (2000). Feminist interpretations of Mary Daly. Pennsylvania: Penn State Press Jordan, J. (1991). Women’s growth in connection: New York: Guilford Publications, Inc Jordan, J. (1997). Women’s growth in diversity. New York: Guilford Press Miller, J. (1987). Toward a new psychology of women. Boston, MA: Beacon.

The Whiteness Of The Whale Essay -- essays research papers

The Great White Whale and its Many Meanings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Herman Melville, in his epic novel Moby-Dick, utilizes the symbolism of the color of the Great White Whale to demonstrate his theme of duality. However, Captain Ahab tragically had a single mind set towards Moby Dick, as he believed that the whale was the symbol of the world’s evil and had to be destroyed. On the other hand, Ishmael sees that the color white can mean many various and opposing things. It would be dangerous to settle upon any one single meaning. In the chapter, The Whiteness of the Whale, Melville explains the importance of duality of meaning in the world, as opposed to man’s (and Ahab’s) desire to see only one meaning in any one thing. Melville utilizes the symbol of the color white to show us that, no one thing means only one thing. Instead, the color white and the meaning of all things depends upon the experiences and perception of the person viewing that object.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ahab viewed the White Whale only as the symbol of all evil in the universe, which eventually leads him to his downfall. On the day that Ahab threw his harpoon into the White Whale and Moby Dick ate his leg, Ahab decided that the Great White Whale meant only one thing, evil. From then on Ahab decided that there was something unusual about this whale, as if it had hidden inside him all the evil in the world. Since Moby Dick attacked Ahab, he then had cherished a wild vindictiveness against t...

Ang Buhay ng Isang Bayani (The Life of a Hero)

The documentary film, Ang Buhay Ng Isang Bayani(The Life Of A Hero), shows me how Jose Rizal lived his life with his own ideas and principles. Although he existed with a better lifeand belongs to a middle class family, it was clear for him how Filipino people suffered from the hands of the Spaniards who ruled the country in his time. He expressed his feelings and opinions in the situation with regards to the political status of the country through writing poems, novels and books.Those writings are really powerful in such a way that it criticized several politician and most especially the abusive Spaniards. His works emphasized how the Church treated the people, the experiences of the Filipino people and the law implemented by the Spaniards and those in power really don’t like how Rizal described them. I just realized how ironic it was when Rizal was thrown away from his own country because of rebellion.Betrayal also was a highlight at that time, in which Rizal thought that tho se he considered as friends would help him out in fulfilling his plans just like what happened in Spain in which he lost the election. I thought Rizal can easily get over with that experience and I just knew in the film that he is that kind of person who can’t simply forget terrible experiences in his life. It was good that he still has very good and loyal friends in some countries in Europe that helped him out in publishing his book.I can’t imagine how he feels about the horrifying things happened to him as well as his family. Many of them suffered due to that rebellion against the Spaniards. But in spite of the consequences, Rizal really fights for it but unfortunately it was not that easy. He was thrown away with nothing only his writing, far from the family and experienced discouragement in pursuing his plans and he tried to move on, live his life and forget Philippines. But in the end his love for the country is really important for him although he was

Benefits of Consumption Versus Benefits to Society

Allusions Vs. Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1520 Words

Allusions to Paradise Lost in Frankenstein In the classic gothic novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley creates numerous allusions, or references to another work, to John Milton’s epic, Paradise Lost. Allusions can be interpreted differently by each individual, and do not have absolute meanings. They are indirect, which means that the author does not specifically mention the book or epic that he or she is referencing to. Though in Frankenstein, Mary Shelley directly mentions Milton’s Paradise Lost at one point. Many of the characters in Frankenstein have similar traits to otherworldly beings from Milton’s narration of â€Å"the fall of man†. Shelley directly compares Doctor Frankenstein and the monster to God, Adam, and Eve. Some characters even have multiple parallel characteristics. For example, the creature transitions from being a newly created life, like Adam, to a harsh, vengeful beast, nearly identical to Satan. Also, Dr. Frankenstein and his Monster foll ow a similar scenario to the creation and uprising of Satan and his demons. In the beginning of the book, young Victor Frankenstein is very interested in all kinds of sciences, namely Alchemy and Chemistry. He is also fascinated by the creation of life, and of the power of electricity. Victor is enthralled by the wonder of lightening, and he describes it as â€Å"so soon the light vanished, the oak had disappeared, and nothing remained but a blasted stump† (Frankenstein 17). This event causes the young boy to question nature, andShow MoreRelatedScientific Progression in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and the Film, Blade Runner1184 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† is an early 19th century cautionary tale examining the dark, self-destructive side of human reality and human soul. It is written in the Romantic era where society greatly valued scientific and technological advancement. Throughout the novel, Shelley expresses her concerns of extreme danger when man transgresses science and all ethical values are disregarded. The implications of debatable experimentation and thriving ambition could evoke on humanity are explored in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Frankenstein Or The Modern Prometheus 1388 Words   |  6 PagesKnowledge in the Beginning o Myth of Prometheus †¢ Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is the complete title of Mary Shelley’s flamboyant monster novel, which includes an allusion to Prometheus. Her referral to Prometheus is not only about how he was the Titan punished by Zeus because he stole fire from the gods and presented it to mankind; it is also more focused on how he was titan and mythical being who created mankind and was not able to control his own creation. †¢ Prometheus is claimed

The Report On The Uss Guardian Ran - 1698 Words

Introduction In January 2013, the USS Guardian ran aground on the Tubbataha Reefs in the Palawan province of the Philippines, harming over 2,000 square meters of the protected environment (The Philippine Star 2014). As a result, the US Navy minesweeper had to be disassembled into several pieces in order to safely remove it from the reef without further damaging the corals. It is unclear of how the ship sailed off track and ended up in the shallow waters of the marine sanctuary. After over a year of litigation, in October 2014, the US government agreed to pay 87 million pesos ($1.9 million) to the Philippines as compensation for the extensive damage. Unfortunately, this event is only one of the more recent incidents that severely damaged†¦show more content†¦These atolls, along with the nearby Jessie Beazley Reef, compose the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP), as shown in the map. It lies in the center of the Sulu Sea and encompasses nearly 100,000 hectares of reefs and dee p sea. The TRNP is known internationally for supporting a grand marine biodiversity. According to Dygico (2006), the ecosystem contains 396 species of coral, which is about 85% of the coral population in the Philippines, as well as 479 species of fish. Some common pelagic species include barracuda, tuna, white tip reef sharks, and many more (UNESCO c. 2014). The park is also home to several endangered marine species, such as the Napoleon wrasse and hawksbill turtles. As one of the Philippines’ oldest ecosystems, Tubbataha is crucial to the reproduction and distribution of aquatic organisms throughout the Sulu Sea. Not to mention, the reefs are important in supplying nearby fisheries, ultimately providing food and livelihoods for millions of Filipinos (TRNP c. 2012). Since the Tubbataha Reefs play a key role in the marine ecosystem, President Corazon Aquino signed the Presidential Proclamation 306 in 1988, which created the TRNP as the first marine protected area (MPA) of the Philippines (Dygico 2006). This meant that the national government, rather than the municipal government of the nearby island, Cagayancillo, held management jurisdiction over the park. The legislation also prohibited the gathering of any corals and marine life within the

GM Financial Essay Example For Students

GM Financial Essay Financial InformationGM dealers sold 558,092 cars and trucks in June of 2005 up 41% compared to June of 2004. Gm had the best monthly sales since September 1986. The calendar year to date sales are up 2.5% for the 2005 year. Sales were spiked by GMs Employee discount for everyone. We are confident that are employee discount program would hit a responsive cord, but we were a little surprised by just how strong the results were, including bringing over one hundred and fifty thousand new customers into the GM family in June. This definitely moves us in the right direction as we gear to introduce our 2006 models, says Mark LaNeve, GM vice president of sales and marketing. GM of North America in June of 2005 produced 416,000 vehicles compared to 482,000 vehicles in June of 2004. GM had too much inventory and had to run an incentive program that worked. Globally GM has been an industry leader since 1931 and was founded in 1908. GM employs 321,000 individuals world wide. GM has Manufacturing operations in 32 countries and sells vehicles in 200 countries. In 2004 GM sold nearly 9 million vehicles globally. GM was up nearly 4% and posted its second highest total in company history. Incentives are ran by a company to try and entice a customer to purchase a vehicle. It is a temporary jump start for sales. The last couple years consumers have expect low rates but now GM throws out the employee pricing. Consumer would let the incentives break the tie on which vehicle to purchase. This day in age everyone has low rates ,cash rebates but now employee discount, good thing GM was the leader of the pack. The financial outlook for present GM is superb and the employee discount drastically sparked sales for a temporary time period. The reason GM had to run an incentive program was the cause of abundance of Inventory and employees are too expensive to maintain. (Pension, benefits..) Gm had an increase in finished product, service parts, etc between 2003 and 2004 in other words, total inventories increased by nearly one million dollars, as sales decreased during that time period. GM has also seen a rise in healthcare and other benefits in the United States. In 2004 GM had an obligation expense 89,384 million which GM had to pay for its current employees and past employees for the year in benefits. GMs non United States employees constitute for 18,056 million in 2004. Citizens of the United States are baffled when they hear more employment is being sent over seas. It is just flat out cheaper and saves the business much more money. GM has found a financial savior for the short-term but a consumer disaster for the long term. GM has been known for the quality of their vehicles and in return a high price may be paid for the quality. Now GM has taken away from the customers thought of quality and may have etched a few misleading thoughts into the consumers head. The consumer thoughts are this exactly, GM has to cut corners somewhere and the manufacturing is where it happens. GM may been known from here on as a cheaper automobile maker.

International Relation & Global Economy

Question: Discuss about theInternational Relation Global Economy. Answer: Introduction The topic of this essay is to find out how thestrong growth in China had affected the Australian manufacturing industry over the past decade. This essay is developed by combining ideas gathering from various articles. In this essay, the relationship between the two countries is analyzed. It has been found that the asymmetric in the Chinese economy is not a new problem. However, it can develop problem in future for the reason that there is a key reliance on a small set of resources of minerals. Although it has been found that export to China are approximately 5.7 GDP. It is a big section of the Australian economy (Beeson and Zeng 2016). Australia heavily depends on China for exporting goods. According to Warner (2016), Australias exports of services and goods to China have developed from $9 billion in the year of 2005 to $80 billion in the year of 2013. This export of goods of Australia to China represents nearly 26% annual growth of the country. As a result, China has become the biggest export market of Australia. This strong growth in Australian exports to China over the period 2005 to 2013 was due to strong urbanization and industrialization in the country (Gilpin 2016). This growth in China was considerably above the world average development for the same period. In addition, resource and commodity exports of Australia rose from $4bn to $63bn in the year of 2011 which was 45% of total exports in China. Economic relation between Australia and China can be understood after analyzing some major aspects between these two countries. First of all, according to Frost (2012), Australia is Chinas second most popular location for direct investment. Over the last 10 years, Australia has experienced the second highest volume of direct investment by China. Rom 2005 to 2015, only the US had a higher accumulated total. Within this time period, Australia received nearly US$80bn in Chinese overseas direct investment. Till the end of 2015 it was found that this investment done by China has increased up to US$11bn. On the other hand, most of the investment done by China was dedicated to real estate. A KPMG report was carried out with the help of University of Sydney estimated that real estate investment hit AUD$7bn n the year of 2015. As mentioned by Gilpin (2016), most of this investment done by China was focused in just one state which is New South Wales. It was found that renewable energy and heal th care was the next top investment areas. This second place was resulted because of huge deal took place between Chinas State Power Investment Corporation and Pacific Hydro. Relationship between both the countries was enhanced when The China-Australia Free Trade Agreement was signed in the year of 2015. Based on the values of 2014, more than 90% of Australian good that will be exported to China will be duty free Holmes (2016). It is expected that this number will increase up to 94% by 2019 and 98% by 2029. As mentioned by Frost (2012), Australian tariffs on Chinese imports will also be eliminated progressively. On the other hand, it is also expected that this agreement will improve Chinese tourism to Australia. According to the International Institute of Education, in the year of 2014, there were nearly 90,000 Chinese students studying in Australia (Beeson and Wilson 2015). As published in The Australian Business Review, education is the champion among all other exports of Australi a. Free Trade Agreement between China and Australia was signed in the year of 2014 between President XI Jinping and Prime Minister Tony Abbott. As a result of this agreement, investment and trade relationship between the two countries will improve considerably. On the other hand, increasing number of Australia businesses are moving into the Chinese market and gaining great success. Besides, China has already spent nearly $170 billion in Australias research and development sector. It is also found that Chinas this investment in RD if Australia has improved by 20% each year for the past six years (Beeson and Wilson 2015). On the other hand, resource partnership between Australia and China has stimulated from trade in possessions to direct investment in projects. China has recently uttered their interest in infrastructure development of the country of Australia. It is also true that there is an huge deficit across Australian resource projects and local communities. As mentioned by Weatherb ee (2014), regional communities are struggling extremely to allure funding and services. That is why; Chinese investors are planning to engage with those communities to gain great support at a grass root level. It has been found that rise of China has transformed the economic and strategic environment of Australia (Beeson and Wilson 2015). The simple reality is that China is exerting an increasingly powerful influence on both the structure of the Australian economy. There are various industries in which the impact of China is prominent. They are such as manufacturing industry and hospitality industry. Chinese visitors are also playing a major role in the tourism sector of Australia. According to the reports published by tourism sector of Australia, last year the country was able to attract nearly 50,000 Chinese tourists. It is also expected that till 2020, Australia will be able to attract nearly 1 million tourists per year. From the article of Austrade Economics (2005), it has been found that China is presently the most significant export market since 2009 to 2010. China is considered as the largest export market for both goods and service from 2013. The total value of Australian products exported in China is approximately A$ 107 billion. China is accounted for 32.5%. It reached 33% in the year of 2015 (Beeson and Wilson 2015). From the research work developed by Plumb et al. (2013), it has been found that twine growth in China has weighty impact on the Australian economy over the past few years. It is most prominent in resource sector (especially in case of iron ore). It has been found that there are presently 5, 500 Australian exporters available in China who are currently involved in selling products in China. It has been found that China alone accounted for 76% of exports in the same year (Morrison 2012). It holds 17% earning of the Australian manufacturing companies. Since 2004, China is considered as the largest export market for Australia. From the research work develop by Holmes (2016), it has been found that Australia depends heavily on foreign investment. China ranks 9th in foreign direct investment in Australia with 3% share. However, the investment is growing rapidly in the last decade. It is evident that Chinese companies are keen to invest in Australia, especially in infrastructure and manufacturing sector (Kang and Jiang 2012). However, the change of saving rate has increased the interest rate in China. In order to solve these issues, the Australian and Chinese governments have established a new diplomatic infrastructure in the year of 2013. It provides an important platform for both the governments to progress negotiations around the free trade agreement. It also helps to develop other investment and trade links and resolve issues. After analyzing all the articles related with the topic, a common pattern has been found. It is evident that most of the Australian Manufacturing companies like to import their resources from China as it is cheaper. In addition it has been found that there is a heavy dependence on the Chinese economy for their exports and investments. It made China to be admirable and useful market for Australia. However it has been found that reliance with China has both positive and negative aspects. However, the positive aspects are more prominent than the negative aspects. It has been found that the market share of China in the FDI in Australia is increasing very rapidly. It has made business more profitable for Australian manufacturers. Reference List Austrade Economics, 2015, Trade and Investment note: How dependent are australian Exports on China? https://www.austrade.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/5720/TIN-How-dependent-are-Australian-exports-to-China.pdf.aspx Beeson, M and Wilson, JD 2015, 'Coming to terms its China: managing complications in sino-Australian economic relationship', Security Challenges, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 21-37. Beeson, M. and Zeng, J., 2016. Chinese views of Australian foreign policy: Not a flattering picture.Australian Journal of International Affairs,70(3), pp.293-310. Chow, G.C., 2015.China's economic transformation. John Wiley Sons. Frost, S., 2012. " Embassy" and the New Orthodoxy in Australian-Southeast Asian Relations.Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science,22, pp.189-208. Gilpin, R., 2016.The political economy of international relations. Princeton University Press. Holmes A 2016, Australias Economic Relationship With China, Parliament of Australia. https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook44p/China Kang, Y. and Jiang, F., 2012. FDI location choice of Chinese multinationals in East and Southeast Asia: Traditional economic factors and institutional perspective.Journal of World Business,47(1), pp.45-53. Morrison, W.M., 2012. China's economic conditions.Current Politics and Economics of Northern and Western Asia,21(3/4), p.289. Plumb, M., Kent, C. and Bishop, J., 2013.Implications for the Australian economy of strong growth in Asia. Reserve Bank of Australia. Warner, M. ed., 2016.Changing workplace relations in the Chinese economy. Springer. Weatherbee, D.E., 2014.International relations in Southeast Asia: the struggle for autonomy. Rowman Littlefield.

History of the Networking Technology

The telegraph was perfected in the 1850s. Decades later, the telephone became a household fixture in the early 20th century. But even with the radio and the telephone becoming household fixtures in most modern homes, the whole world and particularly the United Kingdom was not exactly moving at a frenetic pace. Phones made it easier but there is a significant delay when it comes to accessing information.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Networking Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A person has to be on both ends of the line to communicate. This system is far outmoded when compared to Information Technology that has swept the globe. A person can access information 24 hours a day, all year round. This enhances the decision-making process. It radicalised the way people do business. However, these things could not have been possible without networking technology. As compared to what is happenin g today It has to be pointed out that even as late as the middle part of the e 20th century, it was still very expensive to communicate across continents. Calling overseas is not a practical proposition unless the call is extremely urgent. During those days, many households in Europe did not even own a telephone. But after the invention of the Internet in the latter part of the twentieth century, the world began to enter the Digital Age. As a result the way people communicate to each other went into overdrive. It can be argued that people are now living in a networked society. Information Systems Before going any further it is important to have a clear understanding of what a network is all about. A basic definition of a network is to have two or more computers that are linked together so that information can be exchanged between them. The development of computer networks is the answer to the urgent need of the modern day workplace to have the ability to receive and send information quickly and efficiently. Robert Thierauf explains it this way, â€Å"Today’s worldwide marketplace provides not only more customers, suppliers, and competitors but also increased complexity for the decision-making process. The speed of communication simultaneously makes the environment less stable and predictable and reduces the available time for examining business information, knowledge, and intelligence† (p. 65). There is therefore a need for a more sophisticated IT infrastructure that can help managers make the right decisions.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shifting needs, rapid changes in technology and the increasing sophistication of the hackers are the major reasons why developers and creators of a company’s IT infrastructure are focused in creating systems that both efficient and secure. The number one challenge for modern management information systems is the creation of a seamless IT architecture that can ensure an error free e-business. This is extremely difficult to do for an organisation that relies on internet and telecommunication networks in order to conduct businesses in multiple locations all over the world (Stevens, p.20). The solution is the creation of a highly-reliable, easy-to-use and secure Intranet as well as Extranet technology. Intranet The Intranet is basically a network that is limited to internal usage within the company. This is its limitation because the system can only be used by the employees and all the staff that works in the said organization. However, the upside to this arrangement is the significant savings that it can bring when it comes to their communication needs. Aside from that the flow of information is significantly enhanced. An Intranet will allow for the creation of a system that can handle large volumes of information and yet the company need not hire a hundreds of employees to mai ntain it. An airline company for instance can have an Intranet that is managed by a staff of just 16 IT professionals (Times Online, p.1). In the case of one airline company the use of the Intranet allows for the creation of cost-saving methods that enhanced the profitability of the said organisation. One study revealed the following: cabin crew and check-in staff carry out a range of activities from booking annual leave to obtaining the weather reports needed for each flight. Engineering staff can get the details needed to maintain the aircraft †¦ The crews come in , use the self-service terminals to print off everything they require, such as fuel reports, go to the aircraft and fly (Times Onine, p.1). This is an efficient system indeed. However, it is severely limited when it comes to coverage because it has no use to their customers. Most of the time an Intranet is comprised of computer terminals and computer networks within the company headquarters. It can be accessed from a satellite office, from a remote location, however, it is still a closed system because only employees and staff can use it. This is the reason why the Extranet was developed. Extranet If a company decides to use an Extranet then it has to be protected from hackers and corporate spies (Flouris Oswald, p.68). Aside from security, there is also the need to create a user-friendly system that does not require extensive study in order for a customer to be familiar with it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Networking Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This will enable the company to create facilities that consumers can easily access. A business enterprise can create a website that can be accessed using a computer or even a hand-held devices such as newly-designed mobile phones that can access the World-Wide-Web. This means that customers can purchase items online, make reservations, and browse company information in the comfort of their homes or through the use of mobile devices. They can make adjustments to their schedules as quickly and as efficiently as possible. This is an added reason as to why consumers will use the services of this company. Physical Aspect of Networking Due to the recent technological breakthroughs, consumers are demanding for more innovative products and services. With regards to the Internet and the high demand for multimedia services there is a need for an infrastructure that would be able to deliver high volume data at a much faster rate. In this regard it is not only computer hardware and software that must be pushed to the next level but also the components that go into network construction. One of the most important parts of a networking system are the cables, it is used to transfer data back and forth, between servers and computers alike. In the 21st century there are two major types of cables that has become the standard for reliable netw orking and these are: 1) copper cables; and 2) fibre optics. Copper cables have been around for quite some time now and have proven to be a very reliable component in any network. On the other hand the use of fibre optics is relatively new but already many are convinced that this is the future of networking as it pertains to IT infrastructure. A basic definition of a network is two or more computers that are linked together so that information can be exchanged between them. The following are the basic components of a network: a) a sending device; b) a communication link; and c) a receiving device (Habraken, p.31). A sending device ca be a computer or server and the receiving device can be another computer, server or equipment such as printers etc. The communication link is where communication signals are transmitted. And the common types of link include copper wire and fibre optics.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Copper became the preferred material for the manufacture of metallic cables because it is a better conductor of electricity and is relatively economical (Building Industry Consulting Service International, p.1). There are four major groups of copper cables and these are: a) multicore; b) twisted pairs; c) quads; and d) coax (Building Industry Consulting Service International, p.1). According to Habraken, â€Å"Although a number of different cable type can be used for LANs, copper-based twisted-pair wire has really become the standard †¦ It is fairly inexpensive and easy to work with because it is flexible, it bends around corners† (p. 31). A twisted pair copper cabling is ideal for the following connections: Telephone sets to PBX common equipment Telephone sets to key systems common equipment PCs to the wiring closet of a LAN Homes to the nearest telephone company equipment (Dodd, p. 83). However, there are limitations. According to experts, â€Å"The electrical prope rties of copper cabling create resistance and interference. Signals weaken the farther they are transmitted on copper wires. The electrical property of copper cabling is the key factor that limits its transmission speeds† (Dodd, p. 83). This is the upside and the downside to using copper cables. The property that made copper cables a popular component in many network is the same property that made it undesirable. As a result, â€Å"†¦copper cables are limited to 100 meters for almost all applications above 100 Mbps† (Trulove, p. 142). Furthermore, with regards to the metallic aspect of copper cables, it cannot be placed just about anywhere. It cannot be placed near elevator shafts or power lines. Also, there must also be â€Å"†¦adequate consideration of grounding and bonding† (Trulove, p. 34). These limitations is really problematic in the 21st century where there is a need for greater interconnectivity and the 100 meter limit is a serious problem when talking about creating a network in other places aside from the city. This is the reason why fibre optics are now used as the better alternative. In the 19th century an Englishman named John Tyndall was able to demonstrate that light can be bended (Sterling, p.4). This is a major breakthrough because in the past, conventional wisdom dictates that light travels through a straight line. But Tyndall demonstrated that light could be bent around a corner as it travelled in a jet of pouring water, â€Å"water flowed through a horizontal spout near the bottom of a container †¦ when Tyndall aimed a beam of light through the spout along the water, his audience saw the light follow a zigzag path inside the curved path of the water† (Sterling, p. 4). Thus, Tyndall was credited with the discovery of a principle that would lead to the manufacture of fibre optics. In the computer world the only language that can be understood by computers and servers is one that involves 1 and 0. Fib re optics technology was designed having this idea in mind. Steven Karris described how fibre optics works inside a typical network and he wrote, â€Å"Fibre optic cable transmits light pulses. A laser at one device sends pulses of light through this cable to the other device. The presence of light pulse is translated into a logical 1 and its absence into a logical 0 at the receiver end† (p. 6.2) This explains why fibre optics are so efficient and can able to handle the transmission of large volumes of data at a faster rate compared to copper cables. There is simply more that a fibre optic can do compared to the old copper cables. The following list shows what is in store for those who may want to shift from using copper cable to fibre optics: Secure – does not emit electromagnetic signals; therefore the only way to tap into it is by physically breaking the cable and apply listening devices spliced into the break. This method is easily detected; Small size – id eal for constructing a network underneath the city where underground conduit is at capacity; High bandwidth – fibre optics are designed to handle upgrades in IT such as high speed transmissions and the use of terabit routers; and Low attenuation – since fibre optics does not have metallic components, there is also less interference. For TV this mean a strong signal and quality feed. For computers and LAN this means a much faster movement of data from one point to the next. Furthermore, there is less fading or weakening of signals even over long distances (Dodd, p.85). Nevertheless, even with the above-mentioned benefits from the use of fibre optics, there is a number of downside that must be considered before deciding to use this new technology. The first major setback is the cost of installing fibre optics. According to experts, â€Å"Specialized equipment is required to install fibre cables within buildings, test and splice fibre and to convert electrical signals t o light pulses and vice versa† (Dodd, p. 85). Moreover, fibre optics is not as flexible as copper cables. This has something to do with the material used to manufacture fibre optics. For optical fibre communications the material required to create this medium is fused silica. Specialists working in this field assert that although other fibre materials are adequate, only high-quality glassy melt of silica-dioxide has the purity needed to make excellent fibre optics that can guarantee almost zero loss in terms of signal strength (Downing, p. 101). This explains why fibre optics can be limited in the area of flexibility when comparing to the sturdier metallic cable such as copper. Challenges The use of networking technology to enhance the efficiency of an organisation is already beyond doubt. However, it is not easy to build and maintain a management information system. It is a tremendous challenge to build a system that can become obsolete before the year ends. In the past, this mode of doing business, the need for constant innovation and upgrades is prohibitively expensive it is not practical. No one builds a warehouse and expects to tear it down after a year. But when it comes to networking technology and computers these changes and upgrades are just part of the cycle of doing business. Those who will not invest in security upgrades and other system enhancements may find their organisation vulnerable to external threats. Gene Spafford, head of Purdue University’s IT department said that, â€Å"The only system that is truly secure is one that is switched off and unplugged, locked in titanium-lined safe, buried in a concrete bunker, and is surrounded by nerve gas and very highly paid armed guards. Even then, I wouldn’t stake my life on it† (Mason Newcomb, p. 73). The hyperbole was meant to put in context the extreme difficulty in developing a tamper-proof and fail-safe system. On the other hand the comment made by Professor Spafford c an also serve as a starting point for designing a highly functional MIS and this means designing an architecture that balances the need for security and accessibility. A server unplugged and hidden in vault may be a secure system but it is worth nothing to a business enterprise. Thus, a company must invest in securing their systems from external threats. The impact of a successful intrusion into the company’s data servers can be fully understood upon consideration that in the past the only way to gain access to the company’s secrets is to employ a corporate spy or to bribe an employee of the targeted business enterprise. If this does not work the last resort would be to hire someone that can break-in and steal a hard copy of blueprints and other valuable data. Today, a professional hacker can achieve the same results without being phsically present and risk capture. They can mine it for valuable data with minimal risk of detection. All this can be done in a remote loca tion and possibly executed using wireless technology. If the system has a porous security system then almost nothing can be done to prevent this from happening. A vulnerable system is not acceptable in the fast-moving and highly connected business world. A company can lose more than money, it can lose its reputation. A customer need only to experience one incident of unreliable service before deciding that the risk of using a particular system is not worht the risk. This is why it pays to invest in upgrades. The cost of doing so can be easily offset by reducing the number of people that has to be employed to manage a business enterprise. Conclusion It is almost impossible to envision a 21st century without networking technology. Information technology is very useful but without the capability provided by networking technology data cannot be effectively stored, accessed and sent to intended recipients. However, it is an expensive proposition and one that requires constant upgrades. N evertheless, business organisations can no longer afford to go back to the good old days dominated by telegraphs, radio and telephones. Today, personal computers and mobile devices are indispensable tools for work and play. The rapid interconnection and communication is only possible to the use of networking technology. Works Cited Building Industry Consulting Service International. Residential Network Cabling. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. Dodd, Annabel. The Essential Guide to Telecommunications. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prenctice Hall, 2002. Downing, James. Fiber-Optic Communications. New York: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2005. Flouris, Triants and Sharon Oswald. Designing and Executing Strategy in Aviation Management. UK: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2006. Habraken, Joseph. Absolute Beginner’s Guide to Networking. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Publishing, 2004. Karris, Steven. Networks Design and Management. CA: Orchard Publications, 2004. Mason, Andrew and Mark Newcomb. Cisco Secure Inte rnet Security Solutions. IN: Cisco Press, 2001. Sterling, Donald. Technician’s Guide to Fiber Optics. New York: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2004. Thierauf, Robert. 2001. Effective Business Intelligence Systems. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2001. Times Online â€Å"Get creative for awesome results.† The Sunday Times. Feb. 2005. 09 Mar. 2011. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/. Trulove, James. LAN Wiring: An Illustrated Network Cabling Guide. New York: McGraw-HIll, 2000. This essay on History of the Networking Technology was written and submitted by user Gael Cole to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.